Independence Monument – Ashgabat, Turkmenistan​

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Macro-Advisory covers all twelve of the Eurasia states (plus Iran and Afghanistan) and topics and industries across the entire region

We provide regular country, regional and industry updates for our clients, including maintaining economic forecasts. We comment on macro, political, social, and key industry issues and trends.

Macro-Advisory also carries our bespoke strategic analysis and due-diligence work for clients across all countries and industries in the Eurasia region.

For examples of reports and previously published country analysis

For examples of reports and previously published country analysis

Roll over and click on the Map to find out more about the countries we cover

AFGHANISTAN TURKMENISTAN UZBEKISTAN BELARUS KYRGYZSTAN TAJIKISTAN AZERBAIJAN UKRAINE KAZAKHSTAN MONGOLIA RUSSIA GEORGIA ARMENIA IRAN

Click on the country to find out more

Population* mln: 2.97
Median Age: 35.4

 

Capital City: Yerevan
Capital City, population, mln: 1.10

 

Political System: Parliamentary
President: Armen Sargsyan
Prime Minister: Nikol Pashinyan
Next election - Presidential: 2029
- Parliament: 2026

 

GDP, nominal, $ bln: $12.7
GDP, PPP based, $ bln: $37.4
GDP per capita, nominal, $: $4,276.1
GDP per capita, PPP based, $: $12,593

 

GDP Growth, % - 2021: 5.7%
- 2022(F): 2.6%
- 2023(F): 4.0%

 

Competitive Industries: Agriculture, Tourism, Hi-Tech, Mining, Transport

 

Main Exports: Gold, Copper, Tobacco

Population* mln: 38.93
Median Age: 18.4  

 

Capital City: Kabul
Capital City, population, mln: 4.44

 

Political System: Parliamentary
President: Ashraf Ghani
Prime Minister: Abdullah Abdullah
Next election - Presidential: 2024
- Parliament: No agreed date

 

GDP, nominal, $ bln: $19.8
GDP, PPP based, $ bln: $77.0
GDP per capita, nominal, $: $509
GDP per capita, PPP based, $: $1,979

 

GDP Growth, % - 2021: 8.3%
- 2022(F): 7.0%
- 2023(F): 7.2%

 

Competitive Industries: Mining, Agriculture

 

Main Exports: Vegetables, Fruits, Resins

Population* mln: 10.32
Median Age: 32.3

 

Capital City: Baku
Capital City, population, mln: 2.24

 

Political System: Presidential
President: Ilham Aliyev
Prime Minister: Ali Asadov
Next election - Presidential: 2025
- Parliament: 2025

 

GDP, nominal, $ bln: $42.6
GDP, PPP based, $ bln: $141.4
GDP per capita, nominal, $: $4,127.9
GDP per capita, PPP based, $: $13,700.0

 

GDP Growth, % - 2021: 5.6%
- 2022(F): 3.7%
- 2023(F): 2.8%

 

Competitive Industries: Oil, Gas, Chemicals, Transport

 

Main Exports: Oil, Gas, Chemicals, Vegetables

Population* mln: 9.44
Median Age: 40.3

 

Capital City: Minsk
Capital City, population, mln: 1.98

 

Political System: Presidential
President: Alexander Lukashenko
Prime Minister: Roman Golovchenko
Next election - Presidential: 2025 
- Parliament: 2023

 

GDP, nominal, $ bln: $60.3
GDP, PPP based, $ bln: $180.8
GDP per capita, nominal, $: $6,387.7
GDP per capita, PPP based, $: $19,148.0

 

GDP Growth, % - 2021: 2.3%
- 2022(F): -6.0%
- 2023(F): 0.5%

 

Competitive Industries: Potash, Agriculture, Tourism, Hi-Tech

 

Main Exports: Fuels, Dairy Produce, Fertilizers

Population* mln: 3.98
Median Age: 38.3

 

Capital City: Tbilisi
Capital City, population, mln: 1.1

 

Political System: Parliamentary
President: Salome Zourabichvili
Prime Minister: Irakli Garibashvili
Next election - Presidential: 2024
- Parliament: 2024

 

GDP, nominal, $ bln: $15.9
GDP, PPP based, $ bln: $56.1
GDP per capita, nominal, $: $3,995.0
GDP per capita, PPP based, $: $14,089.0

 

GDP Growth, % - 2021: 10.4%
- 2022(F): 3.0%
- 2023(F): 5.0%

 

Competitive Industries: Mining, Tourism, Agriculture

 

Main Exports: Ores, Beverages, Vehicles

Population* mln: 86.1
Median Age: 32

 

Capital City: Tehran
Capital City, population, mln: 8.69

 

Political System: Islamic Republic - Power Shared
Supreme leader: Ali Hosseini Khamenei
President: Ebrahim Raisi
Prime Minister: Position has been abolished
Next election - Presidential: 2025
- Parliament: 2024

 

GDP, nominal, $ bln: $203.5
GDP, PPP based, $ bln: $397.9
GDP per capita, nominal, $: $6,359.4
GDP per capita, PPP based, $: $12,433.0

 

GDP Growth, % - 2021: 5.9%
- 2022(F): 2.0%
- 2023(F): 2.3%

 

Competitive Industries: Hydrocarbons, Petrochemicals, Tourism, Agriculture

 

Main Exports: Fuels, Vegetables, Chemicals

 

* Persian year starts in March

Population* mln: 19.2
Median Age: 30.7

Capital City: Astana
Capital City, population, mln: 1.0

Political System: Presidential
President: Kassym-Jomart Tokayev
Prime Minister: Alihan Smaiylov
Next election - Presidential: 2024
- Parliament: 2026

GDP, nominal, $ bln: $185.0
GDP, PPP based, $ bln: $486.5
GDP per capita, nominal, $: $9,635.4
GDP per capita, PPP based, $: $25,337.0

GDP Growth, % - 2021: 4.0%
- 2022(F): 2.3%
- 2023(F): 3.5%

Competitive Industries: Hydrocarbons, Agriculture, Tourism, Mining, Transport

Main Exports: Oil, Gas, Chemicals, Grains, Copper

Population* mln: 6.74
Median Age: 26

 

Capital City: Bishkek
Capital City, population, mln: 0.976

 

Political System: Parliamentary
President: Sadyr Japarov
Chairman of Cabinet of Ministers: Ulukbek Maripov
Next election - Presidential: 2026
- Parliament: 2026

 

GDP, nominal, $ bln: $7.7
GDP, PPP based, $ bln: $31.7
GDP per capita, nominal, $: $1,148.4
GDP per capita, PPP based, $: $4,706.0

 

GDP Growth, % - 2021: 3.6%
- 2022(F): 2.2%
- 2023(F): 2.8%

 

Competitive Industries: Mining, Tourism, Agriculture

 

Main Exports: Gold, Copper, Cotton, Vegetables

Population* mln: 3.38
Median Age: 28.2

 

Capital City: Ulaanbaatar
Capital City, population, mln: 1.62

 

Political System: Parliamentary
President: Ukhnaagiin Khürelsükh
Prime Minister: Luvsannamsrai Oyun-Erdene
Next election - Presidential: 2027
- Parliament: 2024-June

 

GDP, nominal, $ bln: $13.2
GDP, PPP based, $ bln: $38.8
GDP per capita, nominal, $: $3,890.5
GDP per capita, PPP based, $: $11,471.0

 

GDP Growth, % - 2021: 1.4%
- 2022(F): 2.6%
- 2023(F): 5.7%

 

Competitive Industries: Mining, Transport, Textiles

 

Main Exports: Gold, Copper, Textiles

Population* mln: 146.1
Median Age: 39.6 

 

Capital City: Moscow
Capital City, population, mln: 11.9

 

Political System: Presidential
President: Vladimir Putin
Prime Minister: Mikhail Mishustin
Next election - Presidential: 2024 - March
- Parliament: 2021 - September

 

GDP, nominal, $ bln: $1,485.0
GDP, PPP based, $ bln: $3,865.2
GDP per capita, nominal, $: $10,164.3
GDP per capita, PPP based, $: $26,456.0

 

GDP Growth, % - 2021: 4.7%
- 2022(F): -7.0%
- 2023(F): 1.8%

 

Competitive Industries: Agriculture, Tourism, Hi-Tech, Mining, Transport

 

Main Exports: Oil, Gas, Chemicals , Metals, Grains

Population* mln: 9.97
Median Age: 22.4

 

Capital City: Dushanbe
Capital City, population, mln: 0.77

 

Political System: Presidential
President: Emomali Rahmon
Prime Minister: Kokhir Rasulzoda
Next election - Presidential: 2027
- Parliament: 2025

 

GDP, nominal, $ bln: $8.2
GDP, PPP based, $ bln: $36.5
GDP per capita, nominal, $: $821.5
GDP per capita, PPP based, $: $3,658.0

 

GDP Growth, % - 2021: 9.2%
- 2022(F): 2.8%
- 2023(F): 3.3%

 

Competitive Industries: Mining, Tourism, HydroPower

 

Main Exports: Alumimum, Cotton, Coal

Population* mln: 6.2
Median Age: 26.7

 

Capital City: Ashgabat
Capital City, population, mln: 1.0

 

Political System: Presidential
President: Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow
Deputy PM (no current PM): Raşit Meredow
Next election - Presidential: 2029
- People's Council: 2026

 

GDP, nominal, $ bln: $61.0
GDP, PPP based, $ bln: $96.3
GDP per capita, nominal, $: $9,838.7
GDP per capita, PPP based, $: $15,538.0

 

GDP Growth, % - 2021: 5.0%
- 2022(F): 6.0%
- 2023(F): 5.8%

 

Competitive Industries: Oil, Gas, Transport, Agriculture

 

Main Exports: Gas, Vegetables

Population* mln: 43.2
Median Age: 2.88

 

Capital City: Kyiv
Capital City, population, mln: 1.2

 

Political System: Shared
President: Volodymyr Zelensky
Prime Minister: Denys Shmyhal
Next election - Presidential: 2024
- Parliament: 2023 - October

 

GDP, nominal, $ bln: $155.0
GDP, PPP based, $ bln: $534.7
GDP per capita, nominal, $: $3,588.0
GDP per capita, PPP based, $: $12,377.0

 

GDP Growth, % - 2021: 3.4%
- 2022(F): -30.0%
- 2023(F): 25.0%

 

Competitive Industries: Mining, Agriculture, Transport, Tourism, Services

 

Main Exports: Iron & Steel, Coal, Grains

 

* all data is subject to revision when the consequences of the conflict can be assessed

Population* mln: 34.3
Median Age: 27.8

 

Capital City: Tashkent
Capital City, population, mln: 2.39

 

Political System: Presidential
President: Shavkat Mirziyoyev
Prime Minister: Abdulla Aripov
Next election - Presidential: 2026
- Parliament:  2022 - June

 

GDP, nominal, $ bln: $63.1
GDP, PPP based, $ bln: $239.9
GDP per capita, nominal, $: $1,839.7
GDP per capita, PPP based, $: $6,994.0

 

GDP Growth, % - 2021: 5.5%
- 2022(F): 5.0%
- 2023(F): 5.2%

 

Competitive Industries: Mining, Agriculture, Textiles, Renewable Energy, Tourism

 

Main Exports: Gold, Copper, Cotton, Vegetables


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ukraine_flag Ukraine
Population, mln 43.2
Median Age 41.2
Capital City Kyiv
Capital City, population, mln 1.2
Political System Shared
President Volodymyr Zelensky
Prime Minister Denys Shmyhal
Next election - Presidential 2024
- Parliament 2023 - October
GDP, nominal, $ bln $155.0
GDP, PPP based, $ bln $534.7
GDP per capita, nominal, $ $3,588.0
GDP per capita, PPP based, $ $12,377.0
GDP Growth, % - 2021 3.4%
- 2022(F) -30.0%
- 2023(F) 25.0%
Competitive Indistries Mining, Agriculture, Transport, Tourism, Services
Main Exports Iron & Steel, Coal, Grains

Source: Macro-Advisory Reports

* all data is subject to revision when the consequences of the conflict can be assessed

belarus_flag Belarus
Population, mln 9.44
Median Age 40.3
Capital City Minsk
Capital City, population, mln 1.98
Political System Presidential
President Alexander Lukashenko
Prime Minister Roman Golovchenko
Next election - Presidential 2025
- Parliament 2023
GDP, nominal, $ bln $60.3
GDP, PPP based, $ bln $180.8
GDP per capita, nominal, $ $6,387.7
GDP per capita, PPP based, $ $19,148.0
GDP Growth, % - 2021 2.3%
- 2022(F) -6.0%
- 2023(F) 0.5%
Competitive Indistries Potash, Agriculture, Tourism, Hi-Tech
Main Exports Fuels, Dairy Produce, Fertilizers

Source: Macro-Advisory Reports

georgia_flag Georgia
Population, mln 3.98
Median Age 38.3
Capital City Tbilisi
Capital City, population, mln 1.1
Political System Parliamentary
President Salome Zourabichvili
Prime Minister Irakli Garibashvili
Next election - Presidential 2024
- Parliament 2024
GDP, nominal, $ bln $15.9
GDP, PPP based, $ bln $56.1
GDP per capita, nominal, $ $3,995.0
GDP per capita, PPP based, $ $14,089.0
GDP Growth, % - 2021 10.4%
- 2022(F) 3.0%
- 2023(F) 5.0%
Competitive Indistries Mining, Tourism, Agriculture
Main Exports Ores, Beverages, Vehicles

Source: Macro-Advisory Reports

armenia_flag Armenia
Population, mln 2.97
Median Age 35.4
Capital City Yerevan
Capital City, population, mln 1.10
Political System Parliamentary
President Armen Sargsyan
Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan
Next election - Presidential 2029
- Parliament 2026
GDP, nominal, $ bln $12.7
GDP, PPP based, $ bln $37.4
GDP per capita, nominal, $ $4,276.1
GDP per capita, PPP based, $ $12,593
GDP Growth, % - 2021 5.7%
- 2022(F) 5.7%
- 2023(F) 4.0%
Competitive Indistries Agriculture, Tourism, Hi-Tech, Mining, Transport
Main Exports Gold, Copper, Tobacco

Source: Macro-Advisory Reports

azerbaijan_flag Azerbaijan
Population, mln 10.32
Median Age 32.3
Capital City Baku
Capital City, population, mln 2.24
Political System Presidential
President Ilham Aliyev
Prime Minister Ali Asadov
Next election - Presidential 2025
- Parliament 2025
GDP, nominal, $ bln $42.6
GDP, PPP based, $ bln $141.4
GDP per capita, nominal, $ $4,127.9
GDP per capita, PPP based, $ $13,700.0
GDP Growth, % - 2021 5.6%
- 2022(F) 3.7%
- 2023(F) 2.8%
Competitive Indistries Oil, Gas, Chemicals, Transport
Main Exports Oil, Gas, Chemicals, Vegetables

Source: Macro-Advisory Reports

iran_flag Iran
Population, mln 86.1
Median Age 32
Capital City Tehran
Capital City, population, mln 8.69
Political System Islamic Republic - Power Shared
Supreme leader Ali Hosseini Khamenei
President Ebrahim Raisi
Prime Minister Position has been abolished
Next election - Presidential 2025
- Parliament 2024
GDP, nominal, $ bln $203.5
GDP, PPP based, $ bln $397.9
GDP per capita, nominal, $ $6,359.4
GDP per capita, PPP based, $ $12,433.0
GDP Growth, % - 2020 5.9%
- 2022(F) 2.0%
- 2023(F) 2.3%
Competitive Indistries Hydrocarbons, Petrochemicals, Tourism, Agriculture
Main Exports Fuels, Vegetables, Chemicals

Source: Macro-Advisory Reports

* Persian year starts in March

afghanistan_flag Afghanistan
Population, mln 38.93
Median Age 18.4
Capital City Kabul
Capital City, population, mln 4.44
Political System Parliamentary
President Ashraf Ghani
Prime Minister Abdullah Abdullah
Next election - Presidential 2024
- Parliament No agreed date
GDP, nominal, $ bln $19.8
GDP, PPP based, $ bln $77.0
GDP per capita, nominal, $ $509
GDP per capita, PPP based, $ $1,979
GDP Growth, % - 2021 8.3%
- 2022(F) 8.3%
- 2023(F) 7.2%
Competitive Indistries Mining, Agriculture
Main Exports Vegetables, Fruits, Resins

Source: Macro-Advisory Reports

turkmenistan_flag Turkmenistan
Population, mln 6.2
Median Age 26.7
Capital City Ashgabat
Capital City, population, mln 1.0
Political System Presidential
President Serdar Berdymukhamedov
Deputy PM (no current PM) Raşit Meredow
Next election - Presidential 2029
- People's Council 2026
GDP, nominal, $ bln $61.0
GDP, PPP based, $ bln $96.3
GDP per capita, nominal, $ $9,838.7
GDP per capita, PPP based, $ $15,538.0
GDP Growth, % - 2020 2.0%
- 2021(F) 5.2%
- 2022(F) 5.5%
Competitive Indistries Oil, Gas, Transport, Agriculture
Main Exports Gas, Vegetables

Source: Macro-Advisory Reports

tajikistan_flag Tajikistan
Population, mln 9.97
Median Age 22.4
Capital City Dushanbe
Capital City, population, mln 0.77
Political System Presidential
President Emomali Rahmon
Prime Minister Kokhir Rasulzoda
Next election - Presidential 2027
- Parliament 2025
GDP, nominal, $ bln $8.2
GDP, PPP based, $ bln $36.5
GDP per capita, nominal, $ $821.5
GDP per capita, PPP based, $ $3,658.0
GDP Growth, % - 2021 9.2%
- 2022(F) 2.8%
- 2023(F) 3.3%
Competitive Indistries Mining, Tourism, HydroPower
Main Exports Alumimum, Cotton, Coal

Source: Macro-Advisory Reports

kyrgyzstan_flag Kyrgyz Republic
Population, mln 6.74
Median Age 26
Capital City Bishkek
Capital City, population, mln 0.976
Political System Parliamentary
President Sadyr Japarov
Chairman of Cabinet of Ministers Ulukbek Maripov
Next election - Presidential 2026
- Parliament 2026
GDP, nominal, $ bln $7.7
GDP, PPP based, $ bln $31.7
GDP per capita, nominal, $ $1,148.4
GDP per capita, PPP based, $ $4,706.0
GDP Growth, % - 2021 3.6%
- 2022(F) 2.2%
- 2023(F) 2.8%
Competitive Indistries Mining, Tourism, Agriculture
Main Exports Gold, Copper, Cotton, Vegetables

Source: Macro-Advisory Reports

uzbekistan_flag Uzbekistan
Population, mln 34.3
Median Age 27.8
Capital City Tashkent
Capital City, population, mln 2.39
Political System Presidential
President Shavkat Mirziyoyev
Prime Minister Abdulla Aripov
Next election - Presidential 2024 - 2025
- Parliament 2022 - June 26
GDP, nominal, $ bln $63.1
GDP, PPP based, $ bln $239.9
GDP per capita, nominal, $ $1,839.7
GDP per capita, PPP based, $ $6,994.0
GDP Growth, % - 2021 5.5%
- 2022(F) 5.0%
- 2023(F) 5.2%
Competitive Indistries Mining, Agriculture, Textiles, Renewable Energy, Tourism
Main Exports Gold, Copper, Cotton, Vegetables

Source: Macro-Advisory Reports

kazakhstan_flag Kazakhstan
Population, mln 19.2
Median Age 30.7
Capital City Astana
Capital City, population, mln 1.0
Political System Presidential
President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev
Prime Minister Alihan Smaiylov
Next election - Presidential 2024
- Parliament 2026
GDP, nominal, $ bln $185.0
GDP, PPP based, $ bln $486.5
GDP per capita, nominal, $ $9,635.4
GDP per capita, PPP based, $ $25,337.0
GDP Growth, % - 2021 4.0%
- 2022(F) 2.3%
- 2023(F) 3.5%
Competitive Indistries Hydrocarbons, Agriculture, Tourism, Mining, Transport
Main Exports Oil, Gas, Chemicals, Grains, Copper

Source: Macro-Advisory Reports

mongolia_flag Mongolia
Population, mln 3.38
Median Age 28.2
Capital City Ulaanbaatar
Capital City, population, mln 1.62
Political System Parliamentary
President Ukhnaagiin Khürelsükh
Prime Minister Oyun-Erdene Luvsannamsrai 
Next election - Presidential 2027
- Parliament 2024 - June
GDP, nominal, $ bln $13.2
GDP, PPP based, $ bln $38.8
GDP per capita, nominal, $ $3,890.5
GDP per capita, PPP based, $ $11,471.0
GDP Growth, % - 2021 1.4%
- 2022(F) 2.6%
- 2023(F) 5.7%
Competitive Indistries Mining, Transport, Textiles
Main Exports Gold, Copper, Textiles

Source: Macro-Advisory Reports

russia_flag Russia
Population, mln 146.1
Median Age 39.6
Capital City Moscow
Capital City, population, mln 11.9
Political System Presidential
President Vladimir Putin
Prime Minister Mikhail Mishustin
Next election - Presidential 2024 - March
- Parliament 2026 - September
GDP, nominal, $ bln $1,485.0
GDP, PPP based, $ bln $3,865.2
GDP per capita, nominal, $ $10,164.3
GDP per capita, PPP based, $ $26,456.0
GDP Growth, % - 2021 4.7%
- 2022(F) -7.0%
- 2023(F) 1.8%
Competitive Indistries Hydrocarbons, Agriculture, Services, Tourism, Transport
Main Exports Oil, Gas, Chemicals , Metals, Grains

Source: Macro-Advisory Reports